Higher Education Curriculum (categories 1, 2, 8, 10, 17)
As in Basic Education, Higher education can be delivered by Public and Private institutions. The public ones offer free education for everyone and the private ones, paid education. Private institutions can only exist if approved by the government and if the course is well evaluated yearly. Both have autonomy to create the curriculum for every course respecting the general guidelines explained later on this post.
To be a Professor at a Higher Education Institution, having at least a Master's degree is demanded. This degree has to be on the specific area the future Professor would like to taught. As for the progression on the Professor's Career, there is a know career path but ascending on it depends on the amount of certificates and published material.
Since 2000, a law concerned with equity established a quota system to reserve a number of places for students self-declared black, brown or indigenous, The amount of places is defined based on the demographic research on the University area.
Since 2016, Public Higher Education Institutions are required to reserve 50% of their places for students who have completed secondary education in public schools. Of this percentage, half should be destined to candidates who have a monthly income per capita equal to or less than 1.5 minimum salaries and the other half for students with incomes greater than 1.5 minimum salaries.
For admission on Specialization and Graduate level, students should have an undergraduate diploma and fulfill the institution demands. Usually the admission process includes an exame, a research proposal, an interview, and CV evaluation.
II - graduate students in different areas of knowledge, fitted for insertion in professional sectors and for participation in the development of the Brazilian society, and collaborate in their continued education;
III - encourage research, aiming at the development of science and technology and the creation and diffusion of culture, and thus to develop the understanding of man and the environment in which he lives;
IV - promote the dissemination of cultural, scientific and technical knowledge that constitute the patrimony of humanity and communicate knowledge through teaching, publications or other forms of communication;
V - raise the permanent desire for cultural and professional improvement and enable the corresponding concretization, integrating the knowledge that is being acquired by each generation;
VI - stimulate familiarity with today’s problems, especially national and regional ones, to provide specialized services to the community and to establish a reciprocal relationship with it;
VII - promote activities of continued education, open to the participation of the population, aiming at the diffusion of the achievements and benefits resulting from the cultural creation and the scientific and technological research generated in the institution;
VIII - act in favor of the universalization and improvement of basic education through the training and qualification of professionals, the pedagogical research and the development of activities that brings together these two levels of education." Retrieved from http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9394.htm
References:
BRASIL, L. (1996). 9394/96. Estabelece as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Brasília.
To be a Professor at a Higher Education Institution, having at least a Master's degree is demanded. This degree has to be on the specific area the future Professor would like to taught. As for the progression on the Professor's Career, there is a know career path but ascending on it depends on the amount of certificates and published material.
Courses and degrees awarded in Higher Education Institutions:
- Technical education (2 to 3 years of duration)
- Certificate: Technical degree
- Undergraduate education (4 to 6 years)
- Certificate: Bachelor, Licence, and Professional degree
- Specialization - lato sensu (1 to 2 years)
- Certificate: Specialist
- Graduate - stricto sensu
- Certificate: Master (2 years) and Doctor (4 years)
Access
To enter a Higher Education Program (Technical and Undergraduate level) the student must pass an exam after finishing Secondary Education. Private Universities apply their own admission exams. For admission at Public Universities, there is a national exam and each institution can also reserve some places to be filled by the University’s own exam.Since 2000, a law concerned with equity established a quota system to reserve a number of places for students self-declared black, brown or indigenous, The amount of places is defined based on the demographic research on the University area.
Since 2016, Public Higher Education Institutions are required to reserve 50% of their places for students who have completed secondary education in public schools. Of this percentage, half should be destined to candidates who have a monthly income per capita equal to or less than 1.5 minimum salaries and the other half for students with incomes greater than 1.5 minimum salaries.
For admission on Specialization and Graduate level, students should have an undergraduate diploma and fulfill the institution demands. Usually the admission process includes an exame, a research proposal, an interview, and CV evaluation.
The Formal Higher Education Curricula in Brazil must aim to:
"I - stimulate cultural creation and the development of scientific spirit and reflective thinking;II - graduate students in different areas of knowledge, fitted for insertion in professional sectors and for participation in the development of the Brazilian society, and collaborate in their continued education;
III - encourage research, aiming at the development of science and technology and the creation and diffusion of culture, and thus to develop the understanding of man and the environment in which he lives;
IV - promote the dissemination of cultural, scientific and technical knowledge that constitute the patrimony of humanity and communicate knowledge through teaching, publications or other forms of communication;
V - raise the permanent desire for cultural and professional improvement and enable the corresponding concretization, integrating the knowledge that is being acquired by each generation;
VI - stimulate familiarity with today’s problems, especially national and regional ones, to provide specialized services to the community and to establish a reciprocal relationship with it;
VII - promote activities of continued education, open to the participation of the population, aiming at the diffusion of the achievements and benefits resulting from the cultural creation and the scientific and technological research generated in the institution;
VIII - act in favor of the universalization and improvement of basic education through the training and qualification of professionals, the pedagogical research and the development of activities that brings together these two levels of education." Retrieved from http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9394.htm
References:
BRASIL, L. (1996). 9394/96. Estabelece as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Brasília.
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