Basic Education Curriculum (categories 1, 2, 8, 10)
Basic Education in Brazil comprises Child, Primary and Secondary Education. As Regular Education it is offered as described bellow, but in some exceptional cases it is offered in different modalities to be explained in another post. Basic education is mandatory to all Brazilians from 4 to 17 years old and it is offered by public institutions for free. Besides, it is also offered by private institutions that can charge freely for the services provided.
Teachers schooling these phases need at least a certificate of Secondary Education, proven pedagogy and didactic knowledge, as well as, specific knowledge related to the subject taught.
On this post, you will find a brief description of the formal curriculum exploring aims, workload and general guidelines for the curriculum in all the levels of Basic Education (BRASIL, 1996).
Physical, psychological, intellectual and social aspects should be developed complementing the action of the family and the community. The aim is not promoting the child, so there is only development monitoring until Primary Education.
"I - the development of the capacity to learn, having as basic means the full mastery of reading, writing and calculation;
I - the understanding of the natural and social environment, the political system, technology, the arts and the values on which society is founded;
III - the development of learning capacity, with a view to acquiring knowledge and skills and forming attitudes and values;
IV - the strengthening of family ties, the bonds of human solidarity and mutual tolerance on which social life is based." Retrieved from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9394.htm
A National Curriculum proposal to guide Child and Primary Education is being discussed and should be approved until 2018, as said before.
"I - consolidation and deepening of the knowledge acquired in primary education, allowing the continuation of studies;
I - basic preparation for work and citizenship, to continue learning and to be able to adapt flexibly to new conditions of occupation or further training;
III - improvement of the student as a human, including ethical training and the development of intellectual autonomy and critical thinking;
IV - understanding of the scientific-technological foundations of the productive processes, relating the theory with the practice, in each discipline." Retrieved from http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9394.htm
The minimum annual workload is 800 hours a year during at least 200 school days. A new law approved this year (2017) establishes that during the next 10 years the workload will increase progressively until it reaches 1400 hours. It is mandatory to have 75% of attendance.
A National Curriculum proposal to guide Secondary Education is being created and should be approved until 2020.
References:
BRASIL, L. (1996). 9394/96. Estabelece as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Brasília.
Teachers schooling these phases need at least a certificate of Secondary Education, proven pedagogy and didactic knowledge, as well as, specific knowledge related to the subject taught.
On this post, you will find a brief description of the formal curriculum exploring aims, workload and general guidelines for the curriculum in all the levels of Basic Education (BRASIL, 1996).
Child education
Aim
Physical, psychological, intellectual and social aspects should be developed complementing the action of the family and the community. The aim is not promoting the child, so there is only development monitoring until Primary Education.Workload
The minimum annual workload is 800 hours a year during at least 200 school days. It is mandatory to have 60% of attendance. Part-time: 4 hours a day; Full-time: 7 hours a day.General guidelines for the curriculum
There is no specific national curriculum or guidelines approved so far for this phase, but a proposal to guide Child and Primary Education is being discussed and should be approved until 2018. Nowadays, states and the meso level can decide what will be taught and schools together with their teachers propose annual teaching plans.Primary Education
Aim
The law 9394 (1996) says that Primary education should aim the development of students as citizens, by:"I - the development of the capacity to learn, having as basic means the full mastery of reading, writing and calculation;
I - the understanding of the natural and social environment, the political system, technology, the arts and the values on which society is founded;
III - the development of learning capacity, with a view to acquiring knowledge and skills and forming attitudes and values;
IV - the strengthening of family ties, the bonds of human solidarity and mutual tolerance on which social life is based." Retrieved from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9394.htm
Workload
The minimum annual workload is 800 hours a year during at least 200 school days. A National decision in 2016 changed the 9393/96 law and included that this should start as part-time attendance and progressively increase until it reaches full-time, accordingly with the school’s rules. It is mandatory to have 75% of attendance.General guidelines for the curriculum
The first 3 years are called Literacy Cycle and there is no retention during this period. The curriculum will necessarily include content that addresses the rights of children and adolescents and the national symbols. The curriculum will also include religious education, with optional enrollment, ensuring respect for the cultural diversity of religion in Brazil. The meso level has the autonomy to create a more specific curriculum accordingly with regional characteristics.
Secondary Education
Aim
In Secondary Education the aim of education should be:"I - consolidation and deepening of the knowledge acquired in primary education, allowing the continuation of studies;
I - basic preparation for work and citizenship, to continue learning and to be able to adapt flexibly to new conditions of occupation or further training;
III - improvement of the student as a human, including ethical training and the development of intellectual autonomy and critical thinking;
IV - understanding of the scientific-technological foundations of the productive processes, relating the theory with the practice, in each discipline." Retrieved from http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9394.htm
Workload
The minimum annual workload is 800 hours a year during at least 200 school days. A new law approved this year (2017) establishes that during the next 10 years the workload will increase progressively until it reaches 1400 hours. It is mandatory to have 75% of attendance.General guidelines for the curriculum
The knowledge areas to be taught necessarily are: languages and their technologies, mathematics and its technologies, natural sciences and their technologies and applied human and social sciences. The meso level has the autonomy to create a more specific curriculum accordingly with regional characteristics.A National Curriculum proposal to guide Secondary Education is being created and should be approved until 2020.
References:
BRASIL, L. (1996). 9394/96. Estabelece as Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Brasília.
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